West Highland White Terrier

West Highland White Terriers are confident, affectionate, and spirited little companions who generally do well in family settings. They're sturdy enough for play with older children and bring a lot of personality and entertainment to a household. However, their terrier independence means they won't tolerate rough handling, and they have a prey drive that can make them unpredictable around very small pets. Early socialisation and clear boundaries from puppyhood produce the most reliable, balanced Westie.

West Highland White Terriers are particularly prone to skin conditions — in fact, 'Westie skin' is a recognised term for their tendency toward Malassezia (yeast) dermatitis, atopic dermatitis (environmental allergies), and epidermal dysplasia. Signs include itchy, red, greasy skin; a musty odour; and recurring infections. Diet plays a significant role — many Westies improve significantly on a hypoallergenic or grain-free food trial. A vet or veterinary dermatologist can diagnose the specific cause and create an appropriate management plan.

Westies are intelligent and can be trained well, but their independent terrier personality means they learn on their own terms. They respond to positive reinforcement and are quick to pick up what benefits them — which means training needs to make it genuinely worthwhile for the dog. They can be stubborn when bored, dismissive of commands they find pointless, and easily distracted by interesting smells. Short, engaging sessions with high-value treats produce the best results. Recall training is particularly important given their prey drive.

Westies are alert, watchful terriers who bark readily — at strangers, sounds, other animals, and sometimes seemingly at nothing. Their vocal nature made them effective working dogs (signalling their location underground), but in domestic life it can be disruptive, especially in apartments or houses with close neighbours. Early training to a 'quiet' cue, sufficient daily exercise, and mental stimulation all help manage barking. Some vocalism is simply part of the breed and should be accepted alongside the Westie's many delightful qualities.

Beyond skin conditions, Westies are prone to pulmonary fibrosis ('Westie lung disease') — a progressive, incurable scarring of the lung tissue that typically affects middle-aged to older dogs and causes exercise intolerance and breathlessness. Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO) affects young Westies, causing painful jaw bone overgrowth that often resolves at adulthood. Patellar luxation and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are also seen. Annual vet check-ups and prompt attention to any respiratory changes are important for the breed.

Westies need moderate daily exercise — around 45–60 minutes split across two walks, plus off-leash play in a secure area when possible. They have genuine terrier stamina and enjoy brisk walks, sniffing expeditions, and play sessions. A Westie with insufficient exercise becomes bored and more likely to bark, dig, and be destructive. Their recall can be unreliable around prey, so a secure garden and on-leash walking in unfenced areas is important for their safety.

West Highland White Terriers typically live 12–16 years, with well-cared-for individuals regularly reaching their mid-teens. Their terrier hardiness and small size contribute to a naturally good lifespan. Managing their skin conditions (often the most quality-of-life-affecting issue), watching for early signs of pulmonary fibrosis, dental care, and keeping them at a healthy weight all support longevity. Regular vet visits give the best opportunity to catch any health changes early.

Westies are spirited, self-confident, and full of character — they know exactly who they are and are not shy about it. They're affectionate with their family but not clingy, independent without being cold, and brave despite their small size. They have a wonderful sense of humour that makes them entertaining daily companions. Their terrier stubbornness is balanced by genuine warmth and loyalty. Westies tend to have strong opinions about things and aren't afraid to express them — which is either charming or exasperating depending on the day.