Newfoundland
Summary
The Newfoundland is one of the largest and gentlest dogs in the world, originating from the Canadian island of the same name. Bred by fishermen to help with nets, pull carts, and rescue shipwreck survivors, it develops a natural affinity with water that is almost unique among breeds. Its webbed feet, waterproof coat, and enormous muscular strength make it one of the best water rescue dogs in existence.
Physical Characteristics
- Size
- Giant
- Height (male)
- 71 cm
- Height (female)
- 66 cm
- Weight (male)
- 60–70 kg
- Weight (female)
- 45–55 kg
- Life Expectancy
- 9–10 years
- Coat
- Double, dense, waterproof; outer coat coarse and straight; undercoat dense and soft
- Common Colors
- Black, brown, grey; the black-and-white pattern is called Landseer (European continental type — see separate breed)
Temperament & Personality
The Newfoundland is often described as the "perfect nanny", a reference to the book Peter Pan, where J.M. Barrie portrayed a Newfoundland (Nana) as the guardian dog of the Darling children. Indeed, the breed has almost unlimited patience with children, an innate protective instinct, and a sweetness of temperament that is hard to find in any other large breed. It loves cold weather and water.
Activity & Exercise
- Energy Level
- Moderate
- Recommended Daily Exercise
- 60–90 minutes
Grooming & Care
- Grooming Needs
- High
- Shedding
- Heavy
- Bathing Frequency
- Every 6–8 weeks
Health
- Common Health Issues
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
- Gastric dilatation/torsion
- Hip and elbow dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism problems
- Osteosarcoma
- Recommended Health Tests
- Cardiac examination
- Hip and elbow X-rays
- Thyroid evaluation
Compatibility
- With Children
- Excellent
- With Other Dogs
- Excellent
- With Cats
- Good
- For First-Time Owners
- Acceptable
Newfoundland — Frequently Asked Questions
Are Newfoundlands good swimmers?
Newfoundlands are exceptional swimmers — arguably one of the best in the dog world. They were bred by fishermen in Newfoundland, Canada, to haul nets and rescue drowning sailors. Their webbed feet, water-resistant double coat, and powerful build make them natural water dogs. They have an instinctive lifesaving ability and are still used in water rescue operations today. Most Newfoundlands absolutely love the water and will seek it out whenever they can.
How much does a Newfoundland dog weigh?
Newfoundlands are giant dogs. Adult males typically weigh between 65–80 kg (143–176 lbs), while females range from 55–65 kg (121–143 lbs). They stand around 66–71 cm (26–28 in) at the shoulder. Their large, muscular build and thick double coat make them look even more imposing. Full size is generally reached around 2 years, though they may continue to fill out until age 3.
Are Newfoundlands good with children?
Newfoundlands are famously gentle and patient with children — they have earned the nickname "Nanny Dog" for their natural affinity with youngsters. They are calm, tolerant, and deeply protective of those they love. Their massive size means that interactions with very small children should be supervised (a friendly wagging tail alone can knock a toddler over!), but their gentle temperament makes them wonderful family dogs in homes with enough space.
Do Newfoundlands drool?
Yes — drooling is very much part of the Newfoundland experience. Their large jowls and loose lips are designed for swimming, but they also mean significant drooling at mealtimes, after drinking, or during excitement. Keeping a dedicated drool towel nearby is almost a requirement in Newfoundland households. It's one of those quirks that devoted owners quickly learn to embrace as part of the breed's lovable, larger-than-life personality.
How much exercise does a Newfoundland need?
Despite their size, Newfoundlands are moderate in their exercise needs. Around 30 to 60 minutes of daily activity is sufficient — swimming is ideal as it is gentle on their joints and they love it. Long, strenuous hikes are not appropriate, especially in warm weather, as they are prone to overheating. Puppies should have limited, controlled exercise to protect their developing joints and bones.
Do Newfoundlands shed a lot?
Yes — Newfoundlands are heavy shedders. Their thick, water-resistant double coat sheds heavily twice a year (spring and autumn) and moderately throughout the rest of the year. Regular brushing several times a week — and daily during shedding seasons — is essential to manage loose hair and prevent matting. Professional grooming every few months is also recommended. If dog hair on your furniture is a concern, the Newfoundland may be a challenging choice.
Are Newfoundlands easy to train?
Newfoundlands are intelligent, calm, and eager to please, which makes them very trainable. They respond well to positive reinforcement and gentle, patient guidance. They are not known for stubbornness and genuinely want to cooperate with their owners. Early socialization and basic obedience training are still important given their enormous size — a well-trained Newfoundland is a joy, but an untrained one is very difficult to manage. Their calm temperament makes them ideal therapy and service dogs.
How long do Newfoundlands live?
Newfoundlands have a typical lifespan of 8 to 10 years, which is common for giant breeds. They are prone to certain health issues including hip and elbow dysplasia, heart conditions (especially subvalvular aortic stenosis), bloat, and cystinuria. Working with a responsible breeder who conducts health testing and maintaining regular vet visits, appropriate exercise, and a carefully managed diet all contribute to a longer, healthier life.
